The latter is less common but still possible. The same article establishes the obligation of the contracting parties to prevent and to punish the crime of genocide.
The popular understanding of what constitutes genocide tends to be broader than the content of the norm under international law. Article II of the Genocide Convention contains a narrow definition of the crime of genocide, which includes two main elements:.
The intent is the most difficult element to determine. To constitute genocide, there must be a proven intent on the part of perpetrators to physically destroy a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
Cultural destruction does not suffice, nor does an intention to simply disperse a group. It is this special intent, or dolus specialis , that makes the crime of genocide so unique. Holocaust Denial and Distortion Teaching about Antisemitism. View Next Explore countries that are currently or have been areas of focus for the Simon-Skjodt Center. This Section. Genocide Prevention Country Case Studies Find information on historical cases of genocide and other atrocities.
Help us teach about the consequences of unchecked hate and antisemitism. Give today. WeRemember Watch Now. Others say there have been at least three genocides as defined by the terms of the UN convention:.
And in recent years, other cases have been added to the list by some. Other cases include the Soviet man-made famine of Ukraine , the Indonesian invasion of East Timor , and the Khmer Rouge killings in Cambodia in the s, during which an estimated 1. There is disagreement over the fact that many of the victims of the Khmer Rouge were targeted because of their political or social status - putting them outside of the UN definition of genocide.
The International Criminal Court in issued an arrest warrant for the President of Sudan, Omar al-Bashir, on genocide charges, accusing him of waging a campaign against the citizens of the Sudanese region of Darfur where about , people are said to have died and millions more displaced during seven years of fighting.
IS was "genocidal by self-proclamation, by ideology and by actions, in what it says, what it believes and what it does," then-Secretary of State John Kerry said. In , The Gambia submitted a case to the International Court of Justice accusing Myanmar of carrying out a genocide against the Rohingya people, alleging "widespread and systematic clearance operations" in Rohingya villages. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya people have fled Myanmar into bordering Bangladesh and elsewhere, and thousands are reported to have been killed.
In , the US, Canadian and Dutch governments all formerly accused China of committing a genocide against the Uighur people in Xinjiang, while several other countries brought parliamentary resolutions making the same accusation. Evidence suggests China has subjected the Uighurs to forced sterilisation , forced labour , mass detention , and systematic rape and torture - actions which many say meet the criteria of a genocide. China denies the charges. The first case to put into practice the convention on genocide was that of Jean Paul Akayesu, the Hutu mayor of the Rwandan town of Taba at the time of the killings.
In a landmark ruling, a special international tribunal convicted Akayesu of genocide and crimes against humanity on 2 September More than 85 people were subsequently convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 29 on counts of genocide.
In August , a leaked UN report alleged that Rwandan Hutus, perpetrators of the genocide, may themselves have been victims of the same crime. Krstic appealed against his conviction, arguing that the 8, people killed constituted "too insignificant" a number to be a genocide. In the ICTY rejected his appeal.
And in , Nuon Chea, 92, and Khieu Samphan, 87, were both sentenced to life imprisonment for genocide and crimes against humanity for their roles in the Khmer Rouge killings. Congo killings 'may be genocide'.
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